Unit 6 Resting and Relaxing

Take a nap to sleep (usually for a short time)

             Also: take a snooze

             ▪ Every afternoon old Mr. Jones takes a nap on his porch for an hour.

             ▪ I lay down on the couch and took a quick snooze in the afternoon.

Take a break to rest by stopping work or play

             Also: take a breather

             ▪ We’ve been working hard on this spreadsheet for ever three hours. It’s time to take a break.

             ▪ The hikers took a breather during a very steep portion if the trail.

Take a easy to relax, not to work hard

             USAGE NOTE: This idiom may be used when someone is upset and should relax.

             ▪ There’s no reason to work so hard. Take it easy!

             ▪ Why is Eduardo so angry at Elaine? He should take it easy.

Have free time to have little or no work to do, to have extra time

             Also: have time on one’s hands, have time to kill

             ▪ Whenever Mr. Ness has free time, he goes camping tn the moutains.

             ▪ Amy’s job is so easy that she has lots of time on her hands to read.

             ▪ Because we had time to kill in San Diego, we saw a few more sights.

Pass the time to spend time (usually relaxing)

             Also: while away

             USAGE NOTE: This idiom is followed by an expression of time, such as the hours, the days, and so on.

             ▪ Our flight was delayed on departure, so we passed the time playing cards.

             ▪ On the small island of Tahiti, we had nothing to do but while away the hours.

Daydream to think about something not related to what is happening at that moment

             GRAMMAR/USAGE NOTES: This idiom is used when a person is not aware of what is happening around him or her because the person is thinking about other matters. It can also be used as a noun.

             ▪ Sandra sat at her desk and daydreamed about being with her boyfriend.

             ▪ It would be dangerous for an airline pilot to have a daydream while flying.

Loosen up to become more relaxed, to become informal

             Also: let one’s hair down

             ▪ This vacation is just the right way for me to loosen up and enjoy myself.

             ▪ Alana is serious at the office, but at parties she likes to let her hair down. 

Unit 5 Vacation Time

Have off to have time when one doesn’t have to work at one’s job or attend school

             Also: take off, be off

             GRAMMAR/USAGE NOTES: These idioms are separable, and the object is usually placed after the verb. They are used with time expressions such as days, weeks, months, and years.

             ▪ Next week would be a good time to go fishing, since I have a few days off.

             ▪ Can you take off a couple of weeks for a Caribbean island vacation?

             ▪ I’m sorry, but Mr. Watanabe is off until next month. Would you like to leave a message?

On leave on holiday from military service, not on active duty

             ▪ Sergeant Anders went on leave to attend his sister’s wedding.

             ▪ The naval officers were assigned to be on leave in Singapore for a week.

Go away to travel

             Also: get away

             ▪ Mr. Walters has to go away often to run gis international import/export business.

             ▪ Are you going to be able to get away this holiday weekend?

See off to say farewell (often by accompanying someone to an airport, station, etc.)

             GRAMMAR NOTE: This idioms is separable.

             ▪ Everyone was quite as the day we saw my parents off at the airport.

             ▪ The whole family went to the cruise terminal to see off the nerlyweds.

Take in to experience, to enjoy by viewing

             Also: soak in

             USAGE NOTE: These idioms are most often used with words like attractions and sights.

             ▪ The amusement park was so crowded that we couldn’t take in all the attractions

             ▪ We saved a whole week of our trip to soap in the sights and sounds of Paris.

Check in to register at a hotel

             Also: check into

             Related form: check-in(noun or adjective)

             ▪ The group leader told the tourists that it would be two hours before they could check in.

             ▪ The elderly couple asked if they could check into the hotel before soon.

             ▪ There was no line at check-in, so Holly got to her room quickly.

             ▪ Could you please tell me you check-in time?

Check out (of) to end one’s stay at a hotel

             Related form: check-out(noun or adjective)

             ▪ The Zorbas got up early and checked out of the hotel by 6:00 A.M.

             ▪ Beatrice stood in the long line at check-out while we waited in the lobby.

             ▪ Ted called the hotel operator to inquire about the check-out time.

Book up to reserve all rooms.

             GRAMMAR NOTE: This idiom is often used in the passive form.

             ▪ The organizers of the computer convention booked up several hotels and conference facilities.

             ▪ I’m sorry, we don’t have any more rooms available. The hotel is fully booked up.

Get back to return home from vacation

             USAGE NOTE: This idiom is also used for returing from work, recreation, errands, and so on.

             ▪ The salesperson wanted to know when the boss would get back from vacation.

             ▪ Our trip was so terrible that I couldn’t wait to get back.

             ▪ Jerry went hunting early in the morning  and didn’t get back until dark.

Unit 4 On the Job

Do for a living to be someone’s job

             GRAMMAR NOTE/USAGE NOTES: This idiom usually occurs in a direct or indirect question. It is used to ask someone you have met recently about his or her employment.

             ▪ If you don’t mind my asking, what do you do for a living?

             ▪ I didn’t ask him what he did for a living because I knew he was unemployed.

Make a living to be employed, to earn enough money to servive

             Also: earn a living

             USAGE NOTE: Adjectives such as decent and good can be used.

             ▪ My new next-door neighbor makes a living as a car mechanic.

             ▪ It’s difficult for single parents to earn a decent living.

White-collar having to do with an office environment

             Related idiom: blue-collar (having to do with a nonoffice work environment)

             USAGE NOTE: These adjective forms are used before nouns such as worker and job.

             ▪ White-collar workers generally earn more money than blue-collar workers.

             ▪ Blue-collar jobs such as police work and postal delivery are usually well paying.

Put in to spend time at work

             ▪ Some workers choose to put in ten hours a day in order to work only four days a week.

             ▪ Frieda had to put in a busy day at the office after she was sick at home for three days.

Clock in to begin work

             Opposite meaning: clock out

             USAGE NOTE: These idioms were first used for jobs where workers’ hours were checked with time cards and time clocks. They are still used to refer to the time when someone starts and stops work, even when there is no time clock.

             ▪ Factory workers are among those who still clock in at the beginning of a shift and clock out at the end.

             ▪ Even though I’m expected to clock in at 9:00 A.M, I generally get to work around 9:15.

Get off (work) to leave work at the end of the workday

             ▪ Deborah got off work early because she didn’t feel well.

             ▪ I’ll stop by the bank after I get off today.

Call it a day to stop working

             Also: call it a night, call it quits

             USAGE NOTE: These idioms can also be used for schoolwork or physical labor.

             ▪ Look, it’s already 4:30. Time to call it a day.

             ▪ After four hours of studying this evening, I called it a night.

             ▪ We’ve been working in the garden for six hours. It’s time to call it quits.

Close up (shop) to close a business at the end of a workday

             ▪ I rushed to the bank but I got there just as they were closing up.

             ▪ There weren’t many customers on the holiday evening, so Mr. Merkur closed up shop early.

Graveyard shift an eight-hour work period through the early morning hours

             ▪ Some factory workers work the graveyard shift, generally from midnight to 8:00 A.M.

             ▪ Patrica works the graveyard shift at the service station so that she can go to school during the day.

Unit 3 Around the House

Keep house to do the needed chores around the house

             Related form: housekeeper (noun)

             USAGE NOTE: Housekeeper refers to a special person who is hired to keep house.

             ▪ In modern societies, husbands and wives share in keeping house.

             ▪ The Amantes hired the a housekeeper to do most of the household chores.

Clean up to arrange neatly, to put in order

             Also: pick up, tidy up, strighten up

             GRAMMAR NOTE/USAGE NOTES: These idioms are separable. They are used for the general cleaning of homes, rooms, closets, work areas, and so on.

             ▪ Mrs. Potter told her son to clean up his room before going outside.

             ▪ Didn’t I tell you to pick your things up right away?

             ▪ The Richards tidied up the house before their guests arrived.

             ▪ Look at the mess in your closet! Straighten it up right now.

Put back to return to the proper place

             Also: put away

             GRAMMAR NOTE/USAGE NOTES: These idioms are separable. They are usually used to refer to specific items in a house or room.

             ▪ You’re supposed to put the dictionary back on the shelf after you’ve used it.

             ▪ We put away the Christmas decorations until next year.

Fix the meal to prepare the meal

             Also: fix breakfast, fix lunch, fix supper, fix dinner

             ▪ Jack fixed the meal Saturday night because his wife was sick.

             ▪ Some busy people don’t have time to fix breakfast in the morning.

             ▪ We decided to go to a restaurant instead of fixing dinner.

Do the dishes wash the dishes

             ▪ Older children are often responsible for doing the dishes at night.

             ▪ The Nelsons decided to do the dishes in the morning because it was so late.

Take out to remove unwanted items from the home

             GRAMMAR NOTE/USAGE NOTES: This idiom is separable. It is often used with the objects garbahe and trash.

             ▪ Could you please take out the garbage for me?

             ▪ It’s time to take the trash out. It’s beginning to smell.

Odds and ends various tasks that need to be done

             ▪ This weekend I stayed home and did some odds and ends around the house.

             ▪ Mrs. Aston drove into town because she had a few odds and ends to do.

Garage sale a special sale held in front of a house for the purpose of selling household items that are no longer needed

             Also: yard sale

             ▪ I put an ad in the newspaper for the garage sale we’re having this weekend.

             ▪ Some people make money by going to yard sales, buying items cheaply, and then reselling them.

Clean out to clean by removing unnecessary items

             GRAMMAR NOTE/USAGE NOTES: This idiom is separable. It is often used when an enclosed place such as a garage or other storage area needs cleaning after a long period of time.

             ▪ The Wilsons cleaned out their garage to prepare for a yard sale.

             ▪ There are so many old things stored in our closets that we should clean them up soon.

Fix up to repair, to fix

             GRAMMAR NOTE/USAGE NOTES: This idiom is separable. It generally refers to making improvements in appearance.

             ▪ We needed to fix up the front of the house before my parents visited.

             ▪ The Garretts like to buy older homes, fix them up, and then sell them for a profit.

Unit 2 In the Evening

Go out to leave home to do an activity (usually in the evening)

             ▪ Marco went out with his friends very often until he got married.

             ▪ Mr. and Mrs. Faulk go out for a walk almost every evening.

Stay out to remain away from home at night

             Opposite meaning: stay in (to stay at home)

             ▪ On New Year’s Eve many people stay out late at night.

             ▪ There was such a bad storm last night that we decided to stay in instead of going out.

Stay up to remain awake at night

             Related idiom: wait up

             USAGE NOTE: Wait up is often used when somone has to wait for another person, such as a child, to come home at night. Stay up can be used for this purpose, but it also has a more general meaning.

             ▪ Lisa was too tired to stay up for the late-night movie that she had planned to see.

             ▪ I can’t believe that my parents are going to wait up until I get home tonight.

Be tired out to be completely tired (usually at the end of the day)

             Also: be tuckered out

             USAGE NOTE: Be tuckered out is more informal than be tired out.

             ▪ I’m sorry that I’m too tired out to attend the lecture with you tonight.

             ▪ After a hard day’s work in the yard, Mr. Coulson said, “I’m tuckered out!”

Fall asleep to begin sleeping

             Also: drop off to sleep, doze off

             ▪ Terence fell asleep on the couch while watching a boring movie on TV.

             ▪ I like to read in the evening until I drop off to sleep around 10:00 P.M.

             ▪ One person in the theater audience started snoring after he dozed off.

Turn in to retire, to enter one’s bed

             Also: go to sleep, go to bed

             ▪ The Fares always turn in after watching the eleven o’clock news.

             ▪ When do you generally              go to sleep at night?

             ▪ Nancy was so tired that she couldn’t wait to go to bed.

Hit the sack to sleep

             Also: hit the hay, crash out

             USAGE NOTE: These idioms are more informal than turn in, go to sleep, and go to bed.

             ▪ I’m so tired that the only thing I want to do is take a shower and hit the sack.

             ▪ Arnold stumbled into the house at midnight and said, “Time to hit the hay!”

             ▪ Carla didn’t mind crashing out in her friend’s living room during her visit.

Bed down to prepare a temporary place to sleep

             USAGE NOTE: This idiom is usually used for sleeping outdoors in a temporary location.

             ▪ The hikers bedded down in a different place each night of their weeklong trip.

             ▪ The soldiers were told to bed down in the barn of an old farmhouse.

After hours after the normal, or permitted, time

             USAGE NOTE: After hours can be used as an adjecrive when it is hyphenated (-).

             ▪ Most large cities have a part of town where people can go after hours.

             ▪ The popular nightclub stayed open for a special after-hours party.

Unit 1 In the Morning

Wake up to awake, to arise from sleep

             Also: get up

             GRAMMAR/USAGE NOTES: These idioms can be used with or without an object. With an object, the idioms are separable. Get up literally means “ to get out of the bed”, which may happen some time after waking up.

             ▪ Ginger usually gets up before her parents, but this morning they had to wake her up.

             ▪ Sometimes after I wake up, I lie in bed for a while before I finally get up.

Crack of dawn the moment when sunlight is first seen in the mornig sky

             ▪ During the busy harvest season, farmers get up at the crack of dawn and don’t stop working until dusk.

Go off to sound, to ring

             USAGE NOTE: The subject is usually alarm or buzzer.

             ▪ When the alarm goes off in the morning, I jump out of bed immediately.

             ▪ Jack was late to work because he didn’t hear the buzzer go off.

Not sleep a wink to get no sleep (or very little sleep) during the night

             USAGE NOTE: The negative term hardly can substitute for not.

             ▪ The Wilsons couldn’t sleep a wink the first night they spent in their new house.

             ▪ The children were so excited about opening presents on Christmas Day that they hardly slept a wink on Christmas Eve.

Sleep like a log to sleep very well

             Also: sleep like a baby

             ▪ I didn’t wake up once las night. I must have slept like a log.

             ▪ Maria can sleep like a baby in almost any place, including airplanes and cars.

Take a shower to shower

             Related idiom: take a bath(to bathe)

             ▪ After easy exercise I take a shower, but after serious exercise I take a bath to relax my muscles.

Get ready to prepare oneself by getting dressed, eating breakfast, and so on

             ▪ It takes Linda about an hour to get ready for work if she hurries.

             ▪ The first thing I do to get ready in the morning is to shave.

Get someone going to stimulate into action

             GRAMMAR/USAGE NOTES: This idiom is used when someone is slow to act in the morning. A reflexive pronoun can also be used.

             ▪ There’s nothing like a good cup of coffee to get me going in the morning.

             ▪ Charlie likes to jog every morning to get himself going.

Start the day off (right) to begin the day with something good

             ▪ I usually start the day off by having some tea and reading the newspaper.

             ▪ Some people like to exercise to start the day off right.

Sleep in to stay in bed late in the morning

             ▪ On the weekends, many people like to sleep in.

             ▪ Josh chose to sleep in after staying up late the night before.